TGFB1 and preeclampsia: Interestingly, we found three pathways potentially associated with preeclampsia: MAPK signalling pathway (FDR = 0.006), TGF-β signalling pathway (FDR = 0.011), Insulin signalling pathway (FDR = 0.020) and VEGF signalling pathway (FDR = 0.031) (Figure 6).