A large body of evidence noted that functional mitochondria promote cancer cells to autophagy by increasing the intracellular ROS level, which inactivates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) (an autophagy inhibitor) on one hand and activates NRF2 (an autophagy activator) on the other hand [40,41,42,43]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and cancer.