FBXO43 and Abnormal sperm morphology: Several teratozoospermia-associated gene mutations, including F-box only protein 43 (FBXO43) [55], armadillo repeat-containing protein 2 (ARMC2) [56], SEPTIN12 [57], and AGBL carboxypeptidase 5 (AGBL5) [58], have been identified by measuring exonic mutations in blood samples using whole exome sequencing technology.