CXCL8 and coronary artery disorder: In comparison, serum TGF-β1 and SMAD3 were elevated in CHD patients but not healthy controls [178]; IL-6R expression was increased in the infarcted regions of the MI rat model [179]; whereas CHD patients exhibited similar serum IL-8 levels with chronic HCV infected patients (p = 0.22) but they were significantly higher than the healthy participants (p = 0.001) [180].