VDR and gastritis: Increased eradication rates of H. pylori infection if vitamin D supplementation is combined with clarithromycin-based triple therapy [42] → protective antimicrobial effect against H. pylori infectionPatients with H. pylori-positive gastritis: lower serum vitamin D concentrations compared to uninfected individuals [44]Vitamin D plays a major role in gastric mucosa homeostasis [45]Vitamin D receptor mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in patients with H. pylori infection and positively correlated with the activity scores of chronic inflammation [45]