The elevated expression of cannabinoid receptors induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia promotes tumor growth, migration, angiogenesis, and lung metastasis of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo [168], through activation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R)/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway, which can be blocked by knockdown of cannabinoid receptors. Here, IGF1R is linked to breast carcinoma.