This includes but is not limited to multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 1, MEN2A, MEN2B, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), Von-Hippel Lindau (vHL) syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), and hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome. This evidence concerns the gene NF1 and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma.