CSMD1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: ESCC cases with DNA alterations had higher expression levels of CSMD1 than those without such alterations in most of the exons (9 of 11 boundaries), especially at exons 4–5 (average FC 15.69 vs. 1.95, or 8× higher) and exons 8–9 (average FC 19.37 vs. 3.47, or 5.6× higher) (Supplementary Table S7a and Figure 5a).