MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Paradoxically, miR-124 demonstrates beneficial aspects in ischemic encephalopathy by regulating autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, Aβ deposition, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation [59,60,61], while in AD, it may adversely affect synaptic plasticity via the miR-124/PTPN1 pathway, through neural differentiation by mediating apoptosis [62,63] (Table 1).