As for occludin, it has been proven that Raf1-induced tumour cells can rescue the epithelial phenotype and induce the reassembly of functional tight junctions by inducing exogenous occludin, which implies that the introduction of exogenous occludin may also apply to ESCC therapy for its low expressing occludin [150]. The gene discussed is OCLN; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.