In our previous study of tumor-free mice, pulmonary thrombosis gave rise to increases in lung tumorigenesis, along with increased pulmonary levels of HIF1α and HIF2α, and increases in the circulating levels of multiple tumorigenic factors, including insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) 1, interleukin (IL) 1α, IL1β, and TP (formerly known as platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, PD-ECGF) [14]. This evidence concerns the gene EPAS1 and deep vein thrombosis.