TNF and allergic disease: Among the chemokine family, eotaxin CCL11 acts as an active chemoattractant for eosinophils, and its clinical role has mainly been discussed in allergic diseases, but as reported previously, it also mediates the migration of microglia towards neuroinflammatory sites, where it triggers reactive radical production from microglia by stimulating microglial neurotoxic factors such as the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX1, NOX2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a) and interleukin-1b (Il-1b), which leads to the facilitated release of glutamate [46].