HMOX1 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: In our hands, the lack of NRF2 transcriptional activity has no profound impact on muscle pathology in both acute injury (CTX injection) and chronic disease (a mouse model of DMD) [22]; however, we have demonstrated the strong effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)—a heme-degrading enzyme that is regulated by NRF2 among others—on myoblast proliferation and differentiation and DMD progression [23,24].