Another randomized controlled trial by Schaefer et al., who treated 77 non-neutropenic esophageal cancer patients with G-CSF (daily dose of 300 μg in patients below 75 kg body weight and 480 μg if body weight exceeded 75 kg, starting two days prior to surgery and terminating on the seventh postoperative day) and compared the results to 76 non-neutropenic esophageal cancer patients without G-CSF treatment, did not reveal any difference regarding their infectious complication rate (43% in the placebo group vs. 44% in the G-CSF group) [59]. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is esophageal cancer.