The double reparative effect of ed-NGF on vascular and neuronal compartments was already observed in the brain of adult STZ rats with encephalopathy [24], and by Moser et al. in a model of cholinergic degeneration [44], indicating that NGF, beside its role on neurons, might act by contrasting glia and endothelial cell dysfunction, as well as inflammation, sustaining the neurodegenerative process. This evidence concerns the gene NGF and Encephalopathy.