LEP and breast carcinoma: In a study performed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, it was shown that the addition of exogenous leptin increased the expression of autophagy-related genes such as Beclin-1, Atg5, and LC3, increased autophagosome formation, reduced the accumulation of p62 and increased autophagic flux (Table 2) [145].