NPPB and COVID-19: In addition to viral gene, viral proteins, and antibodies developed against SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are a variety of clinically important biomarkers for the diagnosis of COVID-19, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) cytokines, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, Lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and others [117,118].