CRP and Disseminated intravascular coagulation: Additionally, several other human host biomarkers have been reported, such as neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin (IL)-6, D-dimer, troponin, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).