Tan et al. measured 58 astrocytomas and found that Mk (IDH-mutated = 0.48 ± 0.16; IDH-wildtype = 0.67 ± 0.13; p < 0.001), Ka (IDH-mutated = 0.53 ± 0.17; IDH-wildtype = 0.66 ± 0.14; p = 0.002), and Kr (IDH-mutated = 0.45 ± 0.18; IDH-wildtype = 0.68 ± 0.19; p < 0.001) were significantly lower in IDH-mutated astrocytomas than in IDH-wildtype groups [64] (Table 2). Here, IDH1 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).