Naringgenin, ginsenoside Rb1, and Leonurus japonicus Houtt extract, which recruit insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), activate PI3K/Akt to induce protein kinase A (PKA) and serum and glucocorticoid kinase 3 (SGK-3β), ultimately promote glycogen and lipolysis synthesis, and inhibit hyperinsulinemia and NAFLD [149]. Here, IRS1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.