VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: These findings show that part of the anti-atherogenic effects of physical exercise can be mediated by reduction of the AT1 receptor content, which leads to decreased vascular oxidative stress, lower expression of inflammatory molecules such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1, and mitigation of local inflammatory activity, cell adhesion, and endothelial dysfunction [30,34].