In our data, melatonin reduced the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β both in the LPS-induced murine ALI model and in LPS-induced DCs, indicating that melatonin, as an antioxidant, can effectively attenuate overloaded cytokine secretion in vivo and in vitro. Here, TGFB1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.