TNF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Result of network pharmacology analysis, total 17 effective COPD-related signaling pathways were analyzed as follows: pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, MAPK, Fc epsilon RI, longevity regulating pathway-multi species, chemokine, T cell receptor, NF-κB, TNF, Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, Th 17 cell differentiation, chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species, NOD-like, mTOR, Toll-like and FoxO signaling pathways.