We aimed to address some of these methodological shortcomings and investigate the effect of BCG vaccination on atherosclerosis under conditions that more closely resemble human BCG vaccination: a single subcutaneous vaccination with a human dose-equivalent of live BCG inoculum to two-day-old ApoE−/− mice, a widely used murine model, in which atherosclerosis develops in response to a high fat diet [15]. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is atherosclerosis.