In spite of this, there were some suggestions that carbapenem TDM could improve health outcomes: Aldaz et al., included the largest number of patients and a more robust confounding factor analysis than other non-randomised studies [58], and found TDM was associated with significant improvements in normalisation of markers for infection, such as C-reactive protein levels, and procalcitonin levels, as well as significantly shorter length of stays [58]. This evidence concerns the gene CRP and infection.