Moreover, given the mono-ADP-ribosyl hydrolase activity exerted by SARS-CoV-2, the utility of PARP inhibition (and its timing with respect to early vs. advanced infection) in the treatment of COVID-19 remains to be determined, given the delicate balance between efficacious vs. overzealous immune activation and the multifaceted role of PARP enzymes in this context. This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and infection.