In the TME, Tregs, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), TAMs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and TANs are the principal cells that, together with many different humoral factors such as cytokines (IL-4, IL6, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-beta, and TNF alpha), chemokines, their ligands (CXCL12 and CXCR4), enzymes (such as indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) and ARG1), exosomes, and other factors (VEGF and prostaglandin E2), inhibit the immune response. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cancer.