PTEN and melanoma: Dysplastic melanocytic lesions (low- or high-grade) and superficial spreading melanoma are most commonly associated with the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) p.V600E mutation or neuroblastoma-RAS (NRAS) mutations, and less often with mutations in tumor protein p53 (TP53), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A).