In the last decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved by the FDA and EMA for (R/M) HNSCC not amenable to loco-regional treatment: nivolumab for second-line therapy in platinum-resistant patients, regardless of PD-L1 status [5,6], and pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy in PD-L1-positive patients in the first-line setting [7,8]. Here, CD274 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.