TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Nintedanib is an intracellular tyrosine kinase inhibitor that stalls vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-based cellular signals, which are driven by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) for tissue remodeling in IPF [11,12] and has shown significant reduction in the annual rate of FVC decline (over placebo) in randomized control trials (INPULSIS-1 and INPULSIS-2) [13].