Strikingly, permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane in HCC cells resulted in the release of CTSB and CTSD into the cytosol of HCC cells, where they then cleaved essential apoptotic substrates [78,79,81], including the pro-apoptotic Bid, which then turns into its truncated version, tBid [42,79,82,83]. This evidence concerns the gene CTSD and hepatocellular carcinoma.