ANXA5 and Miyoshi myopathy: To confirm the apoptotic effects of composite 3NPs, we evaluated early apoptotic events associated with transmembrane phosphatidylserine externalization, as determined by Annexin V staining, in all composite nanoparticle-treated MM cells (MM.1S, RPMI-S, OPM-1, and OPM-2 cells) at different treatment concentrations (1, 2, and 4 μM) and durations (24, 48, and 72 h) (Fig. 2B and Suppl.