BAX and plasma cell myeloma: Similarly, Fe3O4 nanoparticles conjugated with BTZ and gambogic acid showed anti-myeloma activity via G2/M block, phosphorylation of Akt, downregulation of PI3K and Bcl-2 and the induction of apoptosis by increased caspase-3 and Bax expression30, suggesting their potential as nanomedicines, particularly due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity.