Concordantly, infection of MDM with equal genome copies (measured by quantitative PCR with reverse transcription (RT-qPCR)) of vesicular stomatitis virus-G (VSV-G)-pseudotyped HIV-2 and HIV-1(O) GFP-encoding vectors, hereafter referred to as HIV-GFP, induced expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) (CCL5, IFIT1, MxA, CXCL10) and pro-inflammatory genes (IL-8, IL-1β, PTGS2 and SOD2), with IL-8 and CXCL10 secretion evidenced by ELISA (Fig. 1d–f). Here, CCL5 is linked to infection.