Based on these 290 overlapping differentially expressed genes (Supplementary Fig. 6b), we further performed KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and noticed that several downregulated genes (EGF, FGF1, BINP3, DDIT4, PPP2R2B, SFN) were frequently observed in pathways related to cancer or autophagy, such as the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway (Supplementary Data 7). Here, DDIT4 is linked to cancer.