TGFB1 and malaria: Most included studies (9 studies; 69.2%) [26,27,33,35,38,39,40,42,43] used microscopic examination for the detection of malaria parasites and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the quantification of TGF-β levels (11 studies; 84.6%) [26,27,33,34,35,37,39,40,41,42,43].