Lower levels of Akkermansia from the phylum Verrucomicrobiota in the gut of CKD patients coincide with higher levels of IL-10 and lower levels of Lactobacillus from the phylum Firmicutes are accompanied by higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10, demonstrating the impact of these gut microbes in modulating immune response in CKD patients [40]. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and chronic kidney disease.