In patients with paroxysmal AF, (1) the CLOSE-protocol guided HPSD RF ablation produces smaller isolation area than the 28-mm CB2; (2) both HPSD RF and CB2 ablation techniques preserve LA function; and (3) the statistically significant differences in biomarker levels support that the myocardial component of tissue loss may be higher using HPSD RF ablation with less inflammation and collateral injury compared to CB2. This evidence concerns the gene CNR2 and Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.