In a model using the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer and HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines co-cultured with human MSCs (data shown in supplemental), the well-established myCAF markers including α-SMA, VIM, and TEN, increased approximately sevenfold and plateaued at 48-hours (Figure 1, MDA-MB-231 VIM/Ten-C shown in supplemental, Hep-G2 data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene VIM and hepatocellular carcinoma.