PSMA7 and cancer: ,56,94 However, in a recent phase 1 trial with the globin vector TNS9.3.55 for transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT), all four patients developed clonal hematopoiesis associated with transactivation of cancer-related genes after HSPC-mediated lentiviral gene therapy, although all cases appeared to be benign so far (NCT01639690; median VCN in blood was 0.03; follow-up of 6–8 years).95