We excluded 15 samples due to unavailable covariate information (such as total protein or Prostate-specific antigen [PSA]), extensive blood contamination, and presence of rare infections (n=1–2 samples per infection: Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), genital HSV-1 or HSV-2 DNA; Figure 1A). Here, KLK3 is linked to infection.