Levels of ten proteins were associated with five or more variants (SMPDL3A and NAAA proteins with eight variants; SMPD1 and GUSB protein with seven variants; KRT18, HEXB, GSTA1, ENTPD5, CTSO and ACY1 proteins with five variants) (Supplementary Fig. 15) and eight out of these ten proteins are associated with NAFL or cirrhosis (Supplementary Tables 8–10). Here, SMPD1 is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver.