Moreover, VNP-GD/EI-NP@Gel+aPD-1 also potently increased the number of activated Granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells in the tumor, which was significantly higher than that in the VNP-GD@Gel and VNP-GD/EI-NP@Gel groups (Fig. 5e). Here, GZMB is linked to neoplasm.