Similarly, in a study conducted by Otaki et al. [49] it was demonstrated that higher plasma BNP and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, both reflecting dysfunction of the left atrium and left atrial appendage, were superior in predicting cardiogenic stroke and subsequent major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in stroke patients compared to either atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT). This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and stroke disorder.