RB1 and diabetes mellitus: Protein levels of p16 and Rb have been shown to be increased in vascular endothelial cells in diabetes (Katsuumi et al., 2018; Palmer et al., 2019), while other studies have shown that accelerated senescence of ventricular myocytes in diabetic rats was related to activation of the p53/p21 pathway (Gu et al., 2018).