However, the variation in ICa,L of atrial myocytes in diabetes remains obscure (Liu et al., 2012; Pan et al., 2016; Polina et al., 2020), although the reduction in ICa,L and Cav1.2 protein may be the basis of atrial electrical remolding in patients with chronic AF (Barana et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene CACNA1C and diabetes mellitus.