TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Flavonoids in Astragali Radix have also been proved to inhibit the activation of HSCs by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway (Sun et al., 2012), and turtle shell (Trionycis Carapax) decoction can block the TGF-β–SMAD pathway inhibiting liver fibrosis (Bai et al., 2016).