AKT1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Such as, ginsenoside Rg3 in combination with sorafenib has been shown to enhance the inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma growth by modulating HK2-mediated glycolysis and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways (Wei et al., 2022), whereas in combination with paclitaxel (PTX) and cisplatin (DDP) can enhance the anti-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma effect (Chang et al., 2014).