ALB and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The results indicated that bile acids are an independent predictor of DKD progression to ESRD in T2DM patients in addition to traditional factors, including proteinuria and serum albumin levels, that serum bile acid, as a noninvasive marker, was associated with adverse renal outcomes, and that bile acid analogs and their targeting downstream signaling pathway might be promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of DKD.