PFAS and acute kidney injury: There are few studies on the interaction between albuminuria and PFAS, but some studies have shown that albuminuria is associated with reduced bone blood flow, which leads to a reduced rate of bone remodeling and the development of osteoporosis (68), and also that renal failure with albuminuria may lead to less renal reabsorption, which may have an impact on PFAS excretion, thus affecting serum PFAS levels (69).