TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Activated lymphocytes and macrophages as well as damaged epithelial cells secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors, among which transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is recognized to be particularly prominent in renal fibrosis [for more factors references (Meng et al., 2016; Gewin et al., 2017)].