TRPV1 and cardiac hypertrophy: Myocardial hypertrophy with upregulation of TRPV1 expression and loss of cardiac function as well as markers of fibrosis were found to be higher in untreated animals compared to those where TRPV1 was pharmacologically or genetically (TRPV1−/−) unfunctional (Buckley and Stokes, 2011).