The AUC values of ligamentum flavum thickness and expression quantity of IL-1α, TGF-β1, and TNF-α in identifying moderate to severe LSS were 0.835, 0.742, 0.890, and 0.891, respectively, and the cut-off values were 6.62, 94.66, 80.89, and 50.55, respectively. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Leigh syndrome.